Every time there is a highly publicized mass murder in the U.S., there are calls to fix America's "broken" mental health system. This is an unfortunate mistake based on that people with mental illness are violent and that anyone who commits such an atrocity must be "sick."
The truth is that:
, and few homicides are committed by people with mental illness. About 5% of homicides are committed by people with psychotic conditions.
People with serious mental illness are far than perpetrators.
Most mass murders are committed by people who are :
- Terrorists
- People who commit purposeful acts of murder or manslaughter or who commit crimes that result in unintended deaths
- Perpetrators of domestic violence
- People seeking revenge
In its Global Study on Homicide, the United Nations' Office on Drugs and Crime recognizes multiple motivations for murder and divides homicides into three types: socio-political, interpersonal, and criminal. But murder by people with psychosis is so rare that it is included only as a footnote.
People with mental illness are far more likely to . This is getting worse. The rate of suicide has increased 20% since the beginning of the 21st century and is now more than double the rate of homicide, which has declined 12%.
There are, of course, many reasons to try to improve America's mental health system, among them:
- Its failure to serve
- Its failure to provide even "" more than one-third of the time
- of people with serious mental illness
- Continuing
- Disproportionate incarceration of
- The of physical health, mental health, and substance abuse services
Unfortunately, when reducing violence becomes the raison d'etre of efforts to improve mental health policy, there are calls for increased use of coercive interventions -- more involuntary treatment and more use of hospitals generally. Some have even called for a "."
Many mental health professionals favor increasing coercion. But many oppose it, and sadly, an ideological battle has emerged between (1) those who believe that deinstitutionalization has gone too far and (2) those who believe that there is a vast shortage of community-based services, especially housing, as well as missed opportunities for criminal justice reform.
This ideological difference has created a community divided against itself and damaged efforts to achieve needed improvements in the mental health system.
To win beneficial changes, mental health advocates need to put their ideological differences aside and work together to achieve .
Would a better mental health system reduce homicide? Maybe a little. No one really knows. But there's considerable reason to believe that more and better services could help people suffering from mental disorders and perhaps reduce the incidence of suicide -- goals eminently worth pursuing.
So, when politicians who oppose gun control argue that it is not guns but madmen who are responsible for mass murder, all medical and mental health professionals should strongly counter false claims with the truth about the near irrelevance of mental illness to murder.
Michael B. Friedman, LMSW, is adjunct associate professor at Columbia University School of Social Work and chair of the Geriatric Mental Health Alliance of New York.